LIFEWORK Study: Table 1, Key topics
Key topics in the LIFEWORK baseline questionnaire and the models used to assess environmental and occupational exposures
| Questionnaire | |
|---|---|
| Topic | Items |
| Characteristics | Age, sex, marital status, country of birth, height, weight |
| Socioeconomic | Employment status, education |
| Lifestyle | Smoking, alcohol use, physical activity *) |
| Housing characteristics | Bedroom floor, position of the bedroom relative to the street |
| Residential history | Full residential history of addresses lived at for at least 12 months |
| Occupational history | AMIGO/EPIC-NL: full history of jobs performed for at least 6 months (job title, type of company, average number of hours per week), shift work (ever shift work and if permanent or rotating shift system) *) |
| The Nightingale Study: full history of jobs performed for at least 6 months (job title, type of company, average number of hours per week, shift work, physical activity), shift work (rotation, frequency, calendar years), chronotype (MEQ) [60] *) | |
| EMF exposure | Current and historical mobile phone use, cordless phone use and internet mobile phone use †), job tasks or use of equipment likely to lead to high EMF exposure |
| Health |
Current Health
Physical and mental well-being (SF-12), headache (HIT-6), [16] migraine (ID-migraine), [17] sleep quality (MOS sleep scale), [18] memory problems, hearing problems, tinnitus Past: doctor-assessed symptoms and diseases, and age at diagnosis for conditions and events including diabetes, cardiovascular events, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, asthma *) |
| Reproductive health (women): parity, birth outcomes, hormone use *) | |
| Modelled exposures | |
| Geospatial model | Environmental exposures |
| NISMap [23], [24] | RF-EMF from mobile phone base stations |
| ESCAPE LUR model [26], [27] | Air pollutants (PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, PM10, NO2, OPdtt) |
| NDVI [25] | Green space measure |
| STAMINA [28] | Traffic noise exposure (eg, Lden) |
| LOCATUS [29] | Built environment (eg, number of fast food restaurants and sport facilities in surrounding area) |
| Job-exposure matrix | Occupational exposures |
| ALOHA+JEM [32], [33] | Dust (biological, mineral dust), pesticides (all pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides), solvents (total solvents, aromatic solvents, chlorinated solvents) |
| DOM-JEM [34], [35] | Diesel motor exhaust fumes, asbestos, chromium, nickel, PAHs, silica, animal dust, biological dust, endotoxin |
| Shock-JEM [36] | Electric shocks at work |
| ELF-MF JEM [61] | Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields |
- * Items differed slightly between AMIGO, EPIC-NL and the Nightingale questionnaires
- † More detailed information can be found in Schüz et al. [14]
- AMIGO, Occupational and Environmental Health Cohort Study; ELF-MF, extremely low-frequency magnetic fields; EMF, electromagnetic fields; EPIC-NL, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in the Netherlands; ESCAPE, European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects; HIT, Headache Impact Test; ID-migraine, identification of migraine; JEM, job-exposure matrix; Lden, day-evening-night weighted average traffic noise level for 2011; LUR, land use regression; MEQ, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; MOS, Medical Outcomes Study; NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; OPdtt, oxidative potential; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; PM10, particulate matter with diameter = 10 µm; RF-EMF, radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; SF, Short Form Health Survey; STAMINA, Standard Model Instrumentation for Noise Assessments.
- 14 Schüz J, Elliott P, Auvinen A, et al. An international prospective cohort study of mobile phone users and health (Cosmos): design considerations and enrolment. Cancer Epidemiol 2011;35:37-43.
- 16 Kosinski M, Bayliss MS, Bjorner JB, et al. A six-item short-form survey for measuring headache impact: the HIT-6. Qual Life Res 2003;12:963-74.
- 17 Lipton RB, Dodick D, Sadovsky R, et al. A self-administered screener for migraine in primary care. Neurology 2003;61:375-82.
- 18 Hays RD, Martin SA, Sesti AM, et al. Psychometric properties of the medical outcomes study sleep measure. Sleep Med 2005;6:41-4.19.
- 23 Beekhuizen J, Vermeulen R, Kromhout H, et al. Geospatial modelling of electromagnetic fields from mobile phone base stations. Sci Total Environ 2013;445-446:202-9.
- 24 Beekhuizen J, Vermeulen R, van Eijsden M, et al. Modelling indoor electromagnetic fields (EMF) from mobile phone base stations for epidemiological studies. Environ Int 2014;67:22-6.
- 25 X Rhew IC, Vander Stoep A, Kearney A, et al. Validation of the normalized difference vegetation index as a measure of neighborhood greenness. Ann Epidemiol 2011;21:946-52.
- 26 Eeftens M, Beelen R, de Hoogh K, et al. Development of Land Use Regression models for PM(2.5), PM(2.5) absorbance, PM(10) and PM(coarse) in 20 European study areas; results of the ESCAPE project. Environ Sci Technol 2012;46:11195-205.
- 27 Beelen R, Hoek G, Vienneau D, et al. Development of NO2 and NOx land use regression models for estimating air pollution exposure in 36 study areas in Europe - The ESCAPE project. Atmos Environ 2013;72:10-23.
- 28 Scheurs EM, Jabben J, Verheijen ENG. STAMINA-Model description STAMINA - Model description. Rep.680740003/201. 2010 http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/680740003.pdf.
- 29 Locatus. Locatus. http://locatus.com/nederland (accessed 17 Aug 2016).
- 32 de Vocht F, Zock JP, Kromhout H, et al. Comparison of self-reported occupational exposure with a job exposure matrix in an international community-based study on asthma. Am J Ind Med 2005;47:434-42.
- 33 Matheson MC, Benke G, Raven J, et al. Biological dust exposure in the workplace is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2005;60:645-51.
- 34 Peters S, Vermeulen R, Olsson A, et al. Development of an exposure measurement database on five lung carcinogens (ExpoSYN) for quantitative retrospective occupational exposure assessment. Ann Occup Hyg 2012;56:70-9.
- 35 Peters S, Vermeulen R, Cassidy A, et al. Comparison of exposure assessment methods for occupational carcinogens in a multi-centre lung cancer case-control study. Occup Environ Med 2011;68:148-53.
- 36 Huss A, Vermeulen R, Bowman JD, et al. Electric shocks at work in Europe: development of a job exposure matrix. Occup Environ Med 2013;70:261-7.
- 60 Roenneberg T, Wirz-Justice A, Merrow M. Life between clocks: daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. J Biol Rhythms 2003;18:80-90.
- 61 Koeman T, Slottje P, Kromhout H, et al. Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and cardiovascular disease mortality in a prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2013;70(6):402-7.